Optimization of ultrasound guided ovum pick up technique in Bangladeshi crossbred dairy cattle

Md. Anisur  Rahman; Nasrin Sultana  Juyena; Jayonta  Bhattacharje; Mohammad Musharraf Uddin  Bhuiyan

Md. Anisur Rahman Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1389-5386
Nasrin Sultana Juyena Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0331-0998
Jayonta Bhattacharje Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-2910
Mohammad Musharraf Uddin Bhuiyan Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0870-186X

Keywords: Assisted reproductive technology, estradiol, cattle, oocyte recovery, ovum pick-up, synchronization

Abstract

Background: Ovum pick-up (OPU) is a key assisted reproductive technology (ART) for accelerating genetic improvement in dairy cattle, though its efficiency depends on follicular dynamics and oocyte quality. The study highlighted that OPU technology remains underutilized in Bangladesh, where oocytes for embryo production have traditionally been collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries. However, ultrasound-guided OPU allows controlled and repeated oocyte recovery from live donor animals of known genetic merit. In tropical systems like Bangladesh, variability may constrain outcomes. This study evaluated estrogen-based follicular wave synchronization on follicular characteristics, oocyte recovery, and oocyte quality in Bangladeshi crossbred dairy cattle.

Methods: Eighteen clinically healthy Bangladeshi crossbred dairy cows were subjected to two OPU sessions at 14 days intervals: (1) control (non-stimulated) and (2) hormone stimulated following insertion of a progesterone releasing intravaginal device (CIDR®) combined with estradiol benzoate and cloprostenol administration. Follicles were counted at Day 5 post-synchronization using transrectal ultrasonography. Recovered cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were morphologically graded according to IETS standards. The data were analyzed using an independent samples t-test to compare the means between the control and hormone-stimulated groups.

Results: Hormone-synchronized sessions produced higher mean follicle numbers and oocyte recovery than control sessions in both animal categories. Mean total follicle number increased from 24.10 to 37.40 in heifers and from 28.70 to 42.10 in cows. Mean recovered oocytes increased from 10.20 to 18.30 in heifers and from 12.50 to 21.10 in cows. Recovery rate also increased from 42.32% to 48.93% in heifers and from 43.55% to 50.12% in cows.

Conclusion: Estrogen-based follicular wave synchronization prior to OPU significantly improves follicular coordination, increases oocyte recovery efficiency, and enhances the yield of high quality oocytes in Bangladeshi crossbred dairy cattle. Implementation of estrogen synchronization protocols may optimize OPU-IVP systems and support sustainable genetic improvement under tropical production conditions.

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